{"id":13,"date":"2016-05-31T23:29:17","date_gmt":"2016-05-31T23:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bakteria.org\/N3WZ\/?p=13"},"modified":"2016-05-31T23:29:17","modified_gmt":"2016-05-31T23:29:17","slug":"pet-plastik-pollution-molekul-ar-breaker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bakteria.org\/N3WZ\/pet-plastik-pollution-molekul-ar-breaker\/","title":{"rendered":"PET PL\u00e0sT\u00efK. P\u00f6LLuTi\u00f6N. mOLE,KUL.\u00e0R. bre!AKER."},"content":{"rendered":"

\"13315545_10154171458953787_1360659719280017154_n\"<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2016\/mar\/10\/could-a-new-plastic-eating-bacteria-help-combat-this-pollution-scourge<\/p>\n

Nature has begun to fight back against the vast piles of filth dumped into its soils, rivers and oceans by evolving a plastic-eating bacteria \u2013 the first known to science.<\/p>\n

In a report\u00a0published in the journal Science<\/a>, a team of Japanese researchers described a species of bacteria that can break the molecular bonds of one of the world\u2019s most-used plastics – polyethylene terephthalate, also known as PET or polyester.<\/p>\n

The Japanese research team sifted through hundreds of samples of PET pollution before finding a colony of organisms using the plastic as a food source.<\/p>\n

Further tests found the bacteria almost completely degraded low-quality plastic within six weeks. This was voracious when compared to other biological agents; including a related bacteria, leaf compost and a fungus enzyme recently\u00a0found to have an appetite for PET<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is the first rigorous study \u2013 it appears to be very carefully done \u2013 that I have seen that shows plastic being hydrolyzed [broken down] by bacteria,\u201d said Dr Tracy Mincer, a researcher at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.<\/p>\n

The molecules that form PET are bonded very strongly, said Prof Uwe Bornscheuer in\u00a0an accompanying comment piece<\/a>\u00a0in Science. \u201cUntil recently, no organisms were known to be able to decompose it.\u201d<\/p>\n

In a Gaian twist, initial genetic examination revealed the bacteria, namedIdeonella sakaiensis<\/em>\u00a0201-F6, may have evolved enzymes specifically capable of breaking down PET in response to the accumulation of the plastic in the environment in the past 70 years.<\/p>\n

Such rapid evolution was possible, said Enzo Palombo, a professor of microbiology at Swinburne University, given that microbes have an extraordinary ability to adapt to their surroundings. \u201cIf you put a bacteria in a situation where they\u2019ve only got one food source to consume, over time they will adapt to do that,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

\u201cI think we are seeing how nature can surprise us and in the end the resiliency of nature itself,\u201d added Mincer.<\/p>\n

The bacteria took longer to eat away highly crystallised PET, which is used in plastic bottles. That means the enzymes and processes would need refinement before they could be useful for industrial recycling or pollution clean-up.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s difficult to break down highly crystallised PET,\u201d said Prof Kenji Miyamoto from Keio University, one of the authors of the study. \u201cOur research results are just the initiation for the application. We have to work on so many issues needed for various applications. It takes a long time,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Electron<\/picture><\/div>
\u00a0Electron microscope image of a degraded PET film surface after washing out adherent cells. The inset shows intact PET film. Photograph: Science Journal, Yoshida et. al.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A third of all plastics end up in the environment and 8m tonnes end up in the ocean every year, creating vast accumulations of life-choking rubbish.<\/p>\n

PET makes up almost one-sixth of the world\u2019s annual plastic production of 311m tons. Despite PET being one of the more commonly recycled plastics, the\u00a0World Economic Forum (WEF) reports<\/a>\u00a0that only just over half is ever collected for recycling and far less actually ends up being reused.<\/p>\n

Advances in biodegradable plastics and recycling offer hope for the future, said Bornscheuer, \u201cbut [this] does not help to get rid of the plastics already in the environment\u201d.<\/p>\n

However the potential applications of the discovery remain unclear. The most obvious use would be as a biological agent in nature, said Palombo. Bacteria could be sprayed on the huge floating trash heaps building up in the oceans. This method is most notably employed to combat oil spills.<\/p>\n

This particular bacteria would not be useful for this process as it only consumes PET, which is too dense to float on water. But Bornscheuer said the discovery could open the door to the discovery or manufacture of biological agents able to break down other plastics.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Palombo said the discovery suggested that other bacteria may have already evolved to do this job and simply needed to be found.<\/p>\n

\u201cI would not be surprised if samples of ocean plastics contained microbes that are happily growing on this material and could be isolated in the same manner,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

But Mincer said breaking down ocean rubbish came with dangers of its own.Plastics<\/a>\u00a0often contain additives that can be toxic when released. WEF estimates that the 150m tonnes of plastic currently in the ocean contain roughly 23m tonnes of additives.<\/p>\n

\u201cPlastic debris may have been less toxic in the whole unhydrolyzed form where it would ultimately have been buried in the sediments on a geological timescale,\u201d said Mincer.<\/p>\n

Beyond dealing with the plastic already fouling up the environment, the bacteria could potentially be used in industrial recycling processes.<\/p>\n

\u201cCertainly, the use of these microbes or enzymes could play a role in remediation of plastic in a controlled reactor,\u201d said Mincer.<\/p>\n

Miyamoto\u2019s team suggested that the environmentally-benign constituents left behind by the bacteria could be the same ones from which the plastic is formed. If this were true and a process could be developed to isolate them, Bornscheuer said: \u201cThis could provide huge savings in the production of new polymer without the need for petrol-based starting materials.\u201d According to the WEF, 6% of global oil production is devoted to the production of plastics.<\/p>\n

But the plastics industry said the potential for a new biological process to replace or augment the current mechanical recycling process was very small.<\/p>\n

\u201cPET is 100% recyclable,\u201d said Mike Neal, the chairman of the Committee of PET Manufacturers in Europe. \u201cI expect that a biodegradation system would require a similar engineering process to chemical depolymerisation and as such is unlikely to be economically viable,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2016\/mar\/10\/could-a-new-plastic-eating-bacteria-help-combat-this-pollution-scourge Nature has begun to fight back against the vast piles of filth dumped into its soils, rivers and oceans by evolving a plastic-eating bacteria \u2013 the first known to science. In a report\u00a0published in the journal Science, a team of Japanese researchers described a species of bacteria that can break the molecular bonds of … Continue reading “PET PL\u00e0sT\u00efK. P\u00f6LLuTi\u00f6N. mOLE,KUL.\u00e0R. bre!AKER.”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nPET PL\u00e0sT\u00efK. 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